kupuingoa
1. (noun) noun - a word used to refer to a person or thing or a verb made into a noun by adding a derived noun ending.
Ko wai mā hei hoa piri tata mōna i te rerenga - ko kupumahi rānei (ā, me he kupumahi, ko ēhea momo kupumahi), ko kupuingoa rānei, ko kupuāhua rānei, ko kupu whakakāhore rānei, ko wai kē atu rānei (HJ 2015:7). / What goes as a close complement for it in the sentence - a verb (and if it's a verb which type of verb), a noun, an adjective, a negative, or what else.
Synonyms: tūingoa
pīmuri whakaingoa
1. (noun) nominalisation suffix, derived noun suffix, derived noun ending - a suffix used to make verbs into nouns, sometimes called derived nouns. These nouns usually mean the place or the time of the verb's action. A derived noun ending is used when a base is used to modify another base. These suffixes are added to nouns to designate the quality derived from the base noun.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 88-89, 123-124;)
Koia rā te rā whakamaharatanga ki ngā hōia Māori i mate i ngā Pakanga o Te Ao Tuatahi, Tuarua hoki. / That was the remembrance day for the soldiers who died in the First and Second World Wars.
Koia nei rā te manaaki nui a Ngoi i a au i taku taenga tuatahitanga ki tana kāinga. / This was how hospitable Ngoi was to me the first time I arrived at her home.
Ki a au nei he tohu tēnei kei te pūpuri au i taku Māoritanga. / In my opinion this is a sign that I am retaining my Māori identity.
Synonyms: hiku whakaingoa
hiku whakaingoa
1. (noun) nominalisation suffix, derived noun suffix, derived noun ending - a suffix used to make verbs into nouns, sometimes called derived nouns. These nouns usually mean the place or the time of the verb's action. A derived noun ending is used when a base is used to modify another base. These suffixes are added to nouns to designate the quality derived from the base noun.
Anei ngā hiku whakaingoa o te reo Māori: -anga, -nga, -hanga, -kanga, -manga, -ranga, -tanga, -whanga. / Here are the nominalisation suffixes of Māori: -anga, -nga, -hanga, -kanga, -manga, -ranga, -tanga, -whanga.
Synonyms: pīmuri whakaingoa
tūingoa
1. (noun) noun, derived noun - a word used to refer to a person or thing or a verb made into a noun by adding a derived noun ending, e.g. Titiro ki te korimako! (Look at the bellbird!) where korimako is a tūingoa (noun).
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-55;)
He tūingoa katoa ēnei kupu: 'whare', 'moenga', 'tūī', 'wheki' me te maha noa atu. / These words are all nouns: 'whare', 'moenga', 'tūī', 'wheki' and many more.
Synonyms: kupuingoa
tūingoa tangata
1. (noun) personal noun, personal name - a word used to name a particular person, tribe, canoe, month and wai? (who?). These words are preceded by a when they follow i, ki, hei or kei, or are the subject of a sentence. After other prepositions, such as o and mō, the personal name follows directly.
tūmoko
1. (noun) personal name, personal noun.
Synonyms: tūingoa tangata
tūwāhi
1. (noun) locative, locative noun, location word - those words which follow immediately after i, ki, hei or kei in the sentence. When they are the subject of the sentence they are preceded by a. Names of places, mountains, regions, rivers, marae, etc. are included in this class. Also included is a small group of words which designate place, e.g. runga, mua, tātahi, tāwāhi, uta and waho.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 15, 121; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-55;)
Me haere tātou ki tātahi. / Let's go to the beach.
Anei ētahi tūwāhi o te reo Māori: runga, muri, tua, waho, konā, uta (PK 2008:1024). / Here are some locatives of Māori: runga, muri, tua, waho, konā, uta.
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: whakaihi, rohe, kura, whakatapu, puaroa, taparere, apiapi, rāhui, kōpiri, ārikarika
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri, rāhui
-hanga
1. (particle) A suffix used to make verbs into nouns, sometimes called derived nouns, and the usual ending for verbs that take -hia as the passive ending. These nouns usually mean the place or time of the verb's action.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 88-89, 123-124;)
I tae hoki mātau ki tōna tangihanga i Pātea / We also went to his funeral at Pātea.
2. (particle) A passive ending.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 65-67, 84-85;)
Nō te hokinga o Rewi ki te kāinga, ka rokohanga tētahi kuia e tangi ana. / When Rewi returned home he came upon an old lady who was crying.
-kanga
1. (particle) A suffix used to make verbs into nouns, sometimes called derived nouns, and the usual ending for verbs that take -kia as the passive ending. These nouns usually mean the place or the time of the verb's action.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 88-89, 123-124;)
I te tomokanga o te tauā, ka hinga te pā. / The pā fell when the war party entered it.
-ranga
1. A suffix used to make verbs into nouns, sometimes called derived nouns, and the usual ending for verbs that take the passive ending -ria. These nouns usually mean the place or the time of the verb's action.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 88-89, 123-124;)
Ka tōmuri au ki taku akoranga i te whare wānanga. / I will be late for my class at university.
-nga
1. (particle) A suffix used to make verbs into nouns sometimes called derived nouns. Commonly used with verbs that do not take a direct object and take the passive ending -a and -na, statives and adjectives. These nouns usually mean the place or the time of the verb's action.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 88-89, 123-124;)
2. (particle) A passive ending used with only a few verbs ending in -ai.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 65-67, 84-85;)
-manga
1. (particle) A suffix used to make verbs into nouns, sometimes called derived nouns, and the usual ending for verbs that take the passive ending -mia. These nouns usually mean the place or the time of the verb's action.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 88-89, 123-124;)
Nō te inumanga o te wehikē, ka hūrorirori haere ia. / As a result of drinking the whisky he staggered along.
