I whakamāramatia e te kaumātua rongonui nō Ngāti Porou, e Apirana Ngata, te whakapapa, ...ko te tukanga o te whakaraupapa i tētahi mea i runga i tētahi mea (Te Ara 2013). / East Coast elder Apirana Ngata explained that whakapapa is ...the process of laying one thing upon another.

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Ki ētahi ringatoi Māori, e toru ngā wāhanga o te tukanga auahatanga, ā, ka whakaritea ēnei ki ngā wāhanga e toru nei o te whakapapa, Te Pō Nui, Te Ao Mārama, me Te Ao Tangata (RMR 2017). / According to some Māori artists, there are three parts to the creative process and these are likened to the three stages of whakapapa, Te Pō Nui (The Great Night), Te Ao Mārama (The World of Light), and Te Ao Tangata (The World of Humans).

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Mā te huakita, mā te ihi rānei e tutuki ai te tukanga moī (RP 2009:289). / The process of fermentation is done by bacteria or yeast.

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Kāore rātou i āta whai i tētahi tukanga tito nekehanga, he tene katoa ā rātou kanikani (RMR 2017). / They didn't follow carefully a choreographic process, their dances were all impromptu.

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