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Loan words

Historical loan words

ngakinga

1. (noun) clearing, garden plot, cultivated ground.

He ngakinga kai tērā wāhi i te tapa ngahengahe (JPS 1990:15). / That place was a food cultivation on the edge of the forest.

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2. (noun) reprisal, revenge, act of vengeance, retribution.

Otirā mau ana a Ngāti Rua i ngā ngakinga mate a te kāwanatanga (TTR 1994:5). / But Ngāti Rua were caught up in government reprisals.

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Synonyms: ngaki, rautipu, whakarite, utu, whakakaitoa, uto, utunga, rautupu

rautipu

1. (verb) (-a,-ria) to retaliate, kill in revenge.

Hei ngaki i tana mate ka hiki atu tana hikutoto ki te rautipu, kātahi ka pōkia te pā o Whakaepa, ka whārona awateatia te tini o te tangata (TTR 1990:146). / To avenge the death he raised his war party to retaliate, and then over-ran the pā of Whakaepa, slaughtering masses of people.

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See also rautupu

Synonyms: rautupu


2. (modifier) retaliatory, avenging.

I ngā waitaua rautipu a Ngāi Tahu ki a Ngāti Toa, ka rangona te māia o Tūhawaiki, me te mūrere hoki ki te ārahi taua (TTR 1990:367). / In the retaliatory expeditions of Ngāi Tahu against Ngāti Toa, the bravery of Tūhawaiki was heard about, as was his cleverness as a military leader.

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Synonyms: ngaki


3. (noun) retaliation, vengeance, retribution, reprisal.

Ko te rautipu i a Te Whānau-a-Apanui i Toka-ā-kuku pā i Te Kaha, te kaupapa (TTR 1990:37). / Reprisal against Te Whānau-a-Apanui at Toka-ā-Kuku pā at Te Kaha, was the reason.

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Synonyms: ngaki, ngakinga, whakarite, utu

ngaki

1. (verb) (-a,-na) to clear (weeds), weed, cultivate, plant.

Ka ngakia ngā taru, ko te ingoa o tērā mahi he ngaki tōtō (W 1971:428). / The weeds are cleared and the name of that task is 'ngaki tōtō'.

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2. (verb) (-a,-na) to avenge, take revenge, take vengeance.

Ka ngakia tērā mate, ka hinga a Ngāti Rangiwewehi (TTR 1990:9). / That death was avenged when Ngāti Rangiwewehi were defeated.

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3. (verb) (-a,-tia) to apply oneself to, occupy oneself intently with, strive for, make every effort, endeavour, take advantage of enthusiastically.

I ngā tekau tau atu i 1870 i kaha ake te whakawhānui haere mai o te mahi tūruhi, ā, ngakia ake ana te manawareka o te hunga whakaeke e mīharo nei ki te taiao (TTR 1996:230). / During the 1870s, tourism expanded rapidly with local Māori enthusiastically taking advantage of the interest shown by visitors in their natural environment.

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4. (modifier) weeding, cultivating, planting.

Kātahi ka whakawhiti taonga a Te Mātenga rāua ko Turikatuku: ka riro i a Turikatuku he hetiheti rino, ka hoatu ki a Te Mātenga te kō ngaki māra a Turikatuku (TTR 1990:378). / Then Marsden and Turikatuku exchanged tools: Turikatuku received an iron hoe and Marsden was given Turikatuku's garden cultivation tool.

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5. (modifier) vengeful, retaliatory, revengeful.

Kua mate noa ake au i te aroha ki a Puhihuia. Engari, ki te mea ka riro ia i a au ka waiho hei take ngaki mate mō tātou. He puhi ia, he tapu hoki (TWK 2:26). / I am deeply in love with Puhihuia. But if I take her it will become a matter of revenge against us. She is a puhi and is tapu.

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Synonyms: rautipu


6. (noun) weeding, cultivating, clearing.

Tīhema. Ko ngā mahi mō tēnei marama, rite tahi ana ki ō tērā kua pahemo atu rā, arā, te mahi kāri, te whakatō purapura, te ngaki otaota, te hanga taiepa, te kāta rākau, te waruwaru i ngā hipi, me te whakamaroke i ngā tarutaru hei kai mā te hōiho (TKM.MM 16/12/1861:20). / December. The work for this month is the same as that for the one just passed, that is, working the garden, planting out seeds, weeding, erecting fences, carting wood, shearing the sheep, and making hay as food for the horses.

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7. (noun) revenge, vengeance, retaliation, reprisal, retribution.

Ka whānau rā tana tamaiti i huaina nei ko Tūwhakairiora, i tohia nei, mai rānō i tōna kopū, mō te ngaki i te mate o tana pāpā, o Poroumātā (RK 1994:160). / When her son was born he was named Tūwhakairiora, who was dedicated from the time he was in her womb to the vengeance of the death of her father, Poroumātā.

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Synonyms: ngakinga, rautipu, utu, rautupu, whakakaitoa, uto, utunga, whakarite

tukuruatanga

1. (noun) reprise.

Ko te tukuruatanga te hoki anō ki te pūrua i tētahi wāhanga o te titonga puoro, o te whakaari, o te kanikani rānei, me ētahi paku whakarerekētanga (RMR 2017). / Reprise is going back to repeat a part of a musical composition, a play or a dance, along with some small variations (RMR 2017).

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2. (noun) replication.

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