2. (negative) does not belong to, did not belong to - this was the common form in classical Māori, but the alternative ehara inā/nō ... is the more usual negative for nā and nō in modern Māori.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
See also ehara nā/nō
3. (negative) is not, are not - affirmative sentences with a personal name beginning with ko are negated by ehara i a or ehara ko.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 43-44;)
ehara nā/nō
1. (negative) does not belong to, did not belong to - the usual word to negate affirmative sentences beginning with nā or nō is ehara. This is merely placed before the affirmative sentence. Although this is a common form in modern Māori, the alternative ehara i a ... was the more usual negative for nā and nō in classical Māori.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
Ehara nā Te Tiwha tēnei whakaahua. / This photograph does not belong to Te Tiwha.
See also ehara i a
2. (negative) if the subject is a pronoun it can be placed immediately after ehara.
3. (negative) did not - with sentences where the emphasis is on the actor to form the negative ehara merely precedes the affirmative sentence.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 29-30;)
a
1. (particle) of, belonging to - used when the possessor has, or had, control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed. Thus, in most contexts in a sentence, moveable property, tools, things made by humans, food, drink (except water for drinking), husband (tāne), wife (wahine), lover (whaiāipo), children, grandchildren, people in an inferior position, plants and animals, pets and crops, and work are likely to take the a category. If the possessor is active towards the possessed the a category will also be used, including when derived nouns are used this way.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-55, 108-109, 140-141; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 2, 16, 23, 33-34, 36; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 166-167; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 166-167; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 113, 178-179;)
Nā te whakamārama a te kaiako, ka mōhio a Pio me pēhea tana mahi. / It was thanks to the teacher's explanation that Pio knew how his work should be done.
Areare ō taringa ki te tangi a te pīpīwharauroa (Te Ara 2015). / Open your ears to the call of the shining cuckoo.
Nō te taenga mai a Te Mōkena ki runga ka hoatu ngā pū māna (TWM 1/7/1865:1). / When Mr Morgan arrived in the south he was given guns.
nō hea
1. where from? from where? belonging to where? - interrogative asking where something or someone is from or belongs.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 2-3;)
See also nō whea
nō whea
1. where from? from where? belonging to where? - interrogative asking where something or someone is from or belongs. Variation of nō hea.
Kei raro iho i te nama o te waiata ngā tohu whakaatu a te etita kāore ia i te mōhio nā wai te waiata, ā, nō whea rānei (TTT 1/4.1929:973). / Below the number of the song are the symbols of the editor that he does not know who the song is by or where it is from.
ā
1. (particle) belonging to (more than one thing) - combines with the dual and plural personal pronouns.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-56;)
See also wā
2. (particle) has, have, owns - plural of tā (a possessive).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. (particle) those of, the ... of. Used as an alternative form for ngā ... a.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 126;)
4. (particle) Used in the ways listed above when the possessor has, or had, control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed. Thus, in most contexts in a sentence, moveable property, tools, things made by humans, food, drink (except water for drinking), husband (tāne), wife (wahine), lover (whaiāipo), children, grandchildren, people in an inferior position, plants and animals, pets and crops, and work are likely to take the a category. If the possessor is active towards the possessed the a category will also be used, including when derived nouns are used this way.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
Kotahi rau ā taku whānau hipi i mate i te waipuke. / One hundred of my family's sheep died in the flood.
Koia nei ā Tio mahi. / This is Joe's work.
See also ā tātou
2. (determiner) I have (more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in these ways listed above when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 108-110, 140-141;)
2. (modifier) native, indigenous, fresh (of water), belonging to Aotearoa/New Zealand, freely, without restraint, without ceremony, clear, intelligible.
Kakū ana tana ngao i ngā kai papai a te Pākehā, engari ko tēhea atu hoki i te kānga kōpiro, i te toroī, i te kōura mara, i te kina i rāua ki te wai māori mō ngā rā e toru, i te kōuka, i te mangō me te kererū huahua, he mea kōtutu katoa i roto anō i ōna hinu (TTR 1998:206). / He enjoyed the finest of Pākehā foods but relished fermented corn, pickled pūhā and mussels, crayfish fermented in fresh water, sea-urchins steeped in fresh water for three days, inner baby fronds of the cabbage tree, shark, and wild pigeons preserved entirely in their own fat.
3. (modifier) freely, without restraint, without ceremony, without object, unannounced.
Mō te tūpono peka māori mai koutou kia kite i tēnei whakahaere e kī nei mātou e mate ana i te tuakoka, i te pōhara, he whakatūpato noa atu tēnei kia kaua e whētuki i te āhua o tō mātou tari (HM 3/1994). / In case you make an unscheduled visit to see this operation, we are saying we are poverty-stricken, which is a caution to not be shocked at the nature of our office.
4. (noun) aboriginal inhabitant, indigenous person, native.
I runga i te tima ka tūtaki ahau ki ētahi māori nō ngā motu, nō Hāmoa (TP 2/1903:10). / On the ship I met some indigenous people from the islands, from Samoa.
See also Māori
2. (particle) by, made by, acted on - combines with i to form a past tense emphasising who or what did the action, sometimes called the actor emphatic. This grammatical construction is only used with transitive verbs, not with intransitive verbs, with statives (neuter verbs), or with verbs in the passive.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 30-32; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 41-42;)
Synonyms: mā
nōhoku
1. (particle) belonging to me, mine, because I - variation of nōku.
Ka mea atu a Māui, “He hinganga nōhoku ki rō wai, nā reira i poko ai te ahi nei.” (JPS 1929:22). / Māui said, “It was because I fell into the water, that was how the fire was extinguished.”
See also nōku
nōhou
1. (particle) belonging to you (one person) - variation in Eastern dialects of nōu.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 23-24; Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 80;)
Ka pātai au ki a koe, "He aha te take i kore ai koe e tuhi i tō ingoa?" He mataku pea nōhou kei mōhio au ki a koe (TJ 27/4/1899:10). / I ask you, "Why didn't you write you name?" Perhaps it's because you are afraid in case I know you.
See also nōu
2. while I was, as a result.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 80;)
Nōku i taua whenua, ka akona e au ētahi o ā rātou tikanga. / While I was in that country, I learnt some of their customs.
nōna
1. belonging to him or her, hers - used when the possessor did not, or does not, have control of the relationship or was subordinate, passive or inferior to what was/is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 27; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 23-24;)
2. while he/she was, as a result.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 80;)
Nōna i te kura, ka tīmata ia ki te ako i te reo Wīwī. / While she was at school she began learning French.
nōu
1. belonging to you (one person), yours - used when the possessor did not, or does not, have control of the relationship or was subordinate, passive or inferior to what was/is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 27; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 23-24;)
2. while you (one person) were, as a result.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 80;)
Nōu i te whare wānanga, ka tūtaki rāua i a Tū i te pāpara kāuta. / While you were at university, they met Tū at the pub.
o
1. (particle) of, belongs to, from, attached to - used when the possessor has, or had, no control of the relationship or is subordinant, passive or inferior to what is possessed. Thus, in most contexts in a sentence, words for parts of anything, clothing, adornments associated with the body, things that originate in the body (feelings, ideas, knowledge, beliefs, sins, problems, luck, etc.), parts of the body, qualities, illnesses, transport, water, medicine, buildings, seating, bedding, land, towns, companions, superiors, relatives (not husband, wife, children, grandchildren), taniwha, atua, groups, organisations, tribes and government are likely to take the o category. This includes actions that are regarded as part of the nature of people or animals. O will follow kore and korenga. Derived nouns from statives and verbs will usually take the o category. Experience verbs are also likely to take the o category.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 52-56, 140-142; Te Kākano Study Guide (Ed. 1): 2, 16, 23, 33-34, 36; Te Pihinga Study Guide (Ed. 1): 9-10; Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 178-179;)
Ko Taki te hoa o Mere. / Taki is Mere's friend.
Koia nā te paterotanga o te kurī. / That's the fart of a dog.
Heke ana ngā roimata o te kuia i te waiatatanga o te hīmene 'Piko nei te Mātenga' (HJ 2012:115). / The elderly woman's tears flowed when the hymn 'Piko nei te Mātenga' was sung.
I te korenga o tana matua i whakaae ki tana whaiāipo, ka eke a Te Miro ki runga i tō rātau waka ko 'Te Punga-i-Orohia' te ingoa, kātahi ka whakatotohu i a ia kia toremi (EM 2002:111). / Because her father did not agree to her lover, Te Miro climbed on their canoe, called 'Te Punga-i-Orohia', then drowned herself.
See also a
ōhoku
1. (particle) (determiner) my, of mine, belonging to me (more than one thing) - variation of ōku.
See also ōku
2. (determiner) I have (more than one thing).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. Used in the ways above when the possessor has, or had, no control of the relationship or is subordinate, passive or inferior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
2. (particle) has, have, owns (a possessive).
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 108-110;)
3. (particle) that of, the one of. Used as an alternative form for te ... a.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 126;)
See also tā ... i ... ai
4. (particle) Used in these ways when the possessor has control of the relationship or is dominant, active or superior to what is possessed.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 54-56, 140-141;)
