whakaute
1. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to respect, show respect, tend, care for, prepare.
Heoi moe tonu iho tōna iwi ki te ākau tahi moe ai, ā, i titiro ata ka maranga te hapū o Tiki ki te whakaute kai mā te tāne hou, mā te wahine hou (JPS 1952:191). / And so his people slept together on the beach and at daybreak Tiki's subtribe got up to prepare food for the bride and groom.
Synonyms: rahurahu, raweke, takataka, whakareri, whakatau, whakatikatika, whakatakatū, takatū, whakatakataka, whakatika, pātā, whakapai, whakataka, rāwekeweke, tītakataka
2. (noun) respect.
I te wā e kōkiritia ana te pōti nei, tukua ana e Paraire Tōmoana tana waea pānui ki a Rātana e whakahau ana i a ia kia mau tonu tana whakaute i a Ngata, me te unu hoki i a Moko i tōna tūranga whakataetaetanga (TTR 1998:114). / During this election campaign Paraire Tōmoana sent a telegram to Rātana demanding that he show respect to Ngata by withdrawing Moko from the contest.
Synonyms: kōtua, ngākau whakaute, whakarangatira, whakamiha, maruwehi, kauanuanu, rāhiri
maruwehi
1. (verb) to inspire, respect, esteem, venerate, dread.
He wahapū, matatau nōna, ki te reo Pākehā me te reo Māori, i waitohua ko ia tētahi o ngā tino tohunga, maruwehi kē nei ia o tōna wā ki te whaikōrero (TTR 2000:180). / Reedy’s eloquence and mastery of both the English and Māori languages marked him as one of the leading and most respected orators of his time.
Synonyms: whakaute, whakarangatira, kōtua, kauanuanu, rāhiri, whakamiha, ngākau whakaute
2. (modifier) inspiring, respected, esteemed, venerated, revered, dreaded.
E kīia ana he tangata maruwehi, he pēraka tōna ritenga ki tō ngā kīngi-tohunga o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa (TTR 1990:207). / It is said that he was a revered person, resembling the priest-kings of the Pacific.
3. (noun) inspiration (of respect or dread), respect, esteem, veneration, dread.
Kai whea tō rangatiratanga, tō ihi, tō mana, tō marutuna, tō maruwehi? (TPH 30/3/1900:2). / Where is your chiefly autonomy, your personal magnetism, your commanding presence, your inspiration?
kōtua
1. (noun) token of respect, respect, regard, esteem.
Kua ngaro kē ētahi. Engari ka riro mai te kōtua o ngā Pākehā, ā, mō ngā tau e haere ake nei ka kore e pērā rawa te pāhekeheke o te noho o te iwi Māori hei wāhanga manaakitia o Aotearoa (OTM Whai Muri i Te Pakanga). / We have lost a few already. But we will gain the respect of the Pākehā and the future of our race as a component and respected part of the New Zealand people will be less precarious.
Synonyms: whakarangatira, whakangākau, ngākau whakaute, whakaute, whakamiha, maruwehi, kauanuanu, rāhiri
2. (modifier) terror-stricken, excited, inspired by awe and respect.
Ahakoa kāre i tino rerekē atu ōna kākahu i ōna hoa, i kitea tonutia he tangata nui, he tangata ihiihi, kua taunga kē ki te whakatakoto kupu (TTR 1994:82). / Although his clothes were not much different from his companions, it could be seen that he was a person of importance and authority used to making decisions.
3. (noun) thrill, excitement, exhilaration, passion, elation.
Ka tae mai te ihiihi ki a mātou katoa, ka whakahauhau ngā rangatira, "Tēnā rā, e te iwi, kia toa!" (HKW 1/2/1901:13). / When we all felt the excitement, the leaders commanded, "People, be bold!"
4. (noun) expression.
Ko te ihiihi te āhua o tā te tangata whakapuaki kupu, whakakori tinana rānei hei whakaatu i te tino wairua o tana kōrero, o tana waiata, o tana kanikani, o tana whakaari rānei. Ina te kitea, te rangona rānei o te kare ā-roto, pērā i te pōuri, te riri, te wehi me te koa (RMR 2017). / Expression is the way a person expresses their words or moves their body to convey the essential feeling of what they are saying, singing, dancing or acting. It is the communicating of emotion, such as sadness, rage, fear and joy (RMR 2017).
5. (noun) plumed rods projecting from the prow of a canoe.
Ko te rangi anō hoki tērā i wehewehe ai te ihiihi rangi me te ihiihi nuku o te waka (JPS 1957:221-222). / That was the day when the upper and lower ornamental wands were arranged.
Synonyms: puhi
kauanuanu
1. (verb) (-tia) to respect, think highly of, admire, esteem, revere, venerate.
Kauanuanutia ana ia e tōna whānau, e ōna hoa me te hunga hī ika hoki o te motu (TTR 2000:57). / He was respected by his family and friends and the fishing fraternity throughout the country.
Synonyms: whakakoha, whakarangatira, whakamiha, kōtua, rāhiri, maruwehi, ngākau whakaute, whakaute
2. (modifier) respected, thought highly of, admired, esteemed, revered, venerated, inspirational, awesome.
Ki te tīma Ōpango, he tangata kauanuanu tō rātou kāpene, a Richie McCraw. / In the opinion of the All Black team their captain, Richie McCraw, was an inspirational person.
3. (noun) deference, respect, esteem, admiration, veneration.
Ahakoa te uaua o te mahi, i tōna kauanuanu ki tōna tupuna ka ū tonu ia kia oti rā anō taua mahi. / Despite the difficulty of the task, because of her respect for her grandfather she stuck to the task until it was finally completed.
whakamiha
1. (verb) (-ngia,-tia) to admire, appreciate, esteem, respect, venerate.
I te tīmatanga ka kōkau, ka pūhungahunga rānei i te korenga i ū engari nāwai rā, nāwai rā i roto i te wā ko tōna otinga mai he taonga e whakamiha ai, e monoa ai te tangata i te kaha o te waiwaiā mai (HM 1/1997). / Initially it is imperfect or deficient because it is not firmly established but eventually in time it finally becomes something that one can admire and appreciate for its beauty.
Synonyms: kōtua, ngākau whakaute, whakaute, whakarangatira, maruwehi, kauanuanu, rāhiri
2. (modifier) appreciative, complimentary, enthusiastic, admiring.
Puta ana ngā kupu whakamiha a te hunga i māngari ki te whai wāhi atu ki tēnei pō whakahirahira (HM 3/1995:1). / The people who were fortunate enough to attend this excellent night expressed their words of admiration.
3. (noun) admiration, appreciation, approval, respect.
Anei tonu e hoe nei ahakoa pariparitia mai e ngā tai o whakatakē, o whakaparanga, o mihi, o whakamiha, koianei katoa hoki ngā āhuatanga ka pā ki te whakahaere Māori ahakoa he aha te kaupapa i whakatūria ai (HM 4/1997:1). / Here we are still paddling despite being being inundated by the tides of negative criticism, insincerity, acknowledgement and appreciation, but those are all aspects that affect Māori endeavours whatever they are.
2. (modifier) honouring, revering, esteeming, respecting, venerating.
I te wā i tū ai te koroua nei ki te whaikōrero i unuhia e ia tana koti ahakoa e ua tonu ana. Ko tāku nei whakamāoritanga o tērā mahi āna he tohu whakarangatira i te tūpāpaku, ka tahi (Rewi 2005:92). / At the time when this elderly man stood to make his speech he took off his coat although it was still raining. My explanation for that action is that, firstly, it was a symbol of reverence for the deceased.
3. (noun) veneration, honouring, respect, regard.
He wahine hūmārire, aroha ki te tangata, kāore tōna whakarangatira i a ia ahakoa kua taka iho te mana o tōna matua o Rangitūkehu ki a ia (EM 2002:7). / She was a lovely woman who cared for people and was unpretentious despite the mana of Rangitūkehu falling on her.
Synonyms: kōtua, whakangākau, whakamiha, maruwehi, kauanuanu, rāhiri, whakaute, ngākau whakaute
2. (noun) great chief, highly respected leader - a metaphoric use.
I tā mātou hui ētahi purapura tuawhiti me ngā tāngata rongonui o te ao Māori. / There were some great leaders and famous people of the Māori world at our gathering.
2. (noun) an order of female supernatural beings corresponding to the male whatukura.
I whakatapua a runga o taua maunga hai wāhi tapu, hai wāhi karakiatanga i ngā tino karakia tapu ki a Io-matua-te-kore me ngā whatukura, me ngā māreikura, me ngā uruao, me ngā rāhuikura o ngā rangi tūhāhā, me ērā atu apa atua katoa o aua rangi (JPS 1927:350). / The summit of that mountain was placed under tapu as a place for the performing of tapu rites connected with Io the Parentless and the whatukura [messengers, etc., of Io] and mareikura [celestial maids], also the denizens of the upper heavens, and other spirits of those heavens.
Ko te rangi i noho ai te atua, ko Toi-o-ngā-rangi, arā ko Tikitiki-o-rangi. Ko ngā atua e uru atu ana ki reira ko ngā whatukura, he atua tāne. Ko tō rātou whare ko Rangiātea. Ko ngā māreikura, he atua wahine. Ko tō rātou whare ko Te Rauroha (TTT 1/5/1924:38). / The heaven where the atua dwells is Toi-o-ngā-rangi, that is Tikitiki-o-rangi. The atua enter there are the the whatukura, the male atua. Their house is Rangiātea. The māreikura are the female atua.Their house is Te Rauroha.
3. (noun) esteemed friend, respected friend, treasure, darling - a term of endearment.
See also tuhi māreikura
Synonyms: tuhi māreikura
2. (verb) (-tia) to admire, esteem, respect, venerate, appreciate.
Synonyms: kauanuanu, maruwehi, whakamiha, whakarangatira, whakaute, ngākau whakaute, kōtua
4. (verb) to be in even file (of a group of travellers).
5. (modifier) welcoming, of welcome.
Ko te iwi nāna te reo rāhiri ko te iwi Hāmi ki te Whenua i Nōwei (HM 4/1996:4). / The people who welcomed us were the Sami people of Norway.
6. (noun) welcome.
Nō muri koe i tae mai ai, me te rāhiri a tō tāua kaumātua, a Porokoru (TWM 19/9/1863:2). / After that you arrived and there was the welcome by our elder, Porokoru.
7. (noun) rope.
Nō tōna ngaromanga ki roto ki ngā wai o te moana, ngaro atu i te tirohanga o te kanohi o te tuakana, ka rere mai te tuakana, tapahia ana te rāhiri, ka motu (MM.TKM 1/2/1855:25). / When he had disappeared into the waters of the sea, and was no longer visible to the eye of his elder brother, the rope was cut by the elder brother.
Synonyms: taura, tāwai, pūrengi, kaha, taukaea, whakaheke, kārure, rino
tuhi māreikura
1. (noun) ornamentation of the forehead with red ochre.
Ko te tuhi kōrae, arā ko te tuhi mareikura, i haea tikatia ngā tuhi mai i tētahi taha o te rae ki tētahi taha (M 2006:206). / The marking of the forehead was the noble mark which was drawn straight across from one side of the forehead to the other side.
2. (noun) esteemed friend, respected friend, treasure, darling - a term of endearment.
Tēnei kua kitea iho i roto i ngā parirau o te manu nei a 'Te Pīpī' tētahi tuhi māreikura, mō tō tatou hoa, mō Rena Peneti (TJ 23/5/1899:9). / Now a treasure has been revealed in the wings of this bird, 'Te Pipi' ['Te Pipiwharauroa' newspaper] for our friend, Rena Bennett.
Synonyms: māreikura
whakakoha
1. (verb) (-ina) to be respectful, revere.
Me whakakoha ēnei iwi ki raro i aku parirau (TKO 1/11/1917:3). / These nations under my wings must be respected.
Synonyms: whakarangatira, kauanuanu
2. (determiner) the - when referring to a whole class of things or people designated by the noun that follows.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 48; Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 125;)
Kī tonu te wharenui i te tamariki. / The meeting house was full of children.
3. (determiner) Mr, mister, sir - used before people's names to show respect. When used this way it begins with a capital letter.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 190-191;)
Kei Te Wharehuia, tēnei te mihi atu mō tō āwhina mai. / Wharehuia sir, thank you most sincerely for your help.
Synonyms: Mita
4. (determiner) Used in front of another verb following a stative.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 58, 99-100;)
5. (determiner) Used in front of another verb following taea.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 75-76;)
Ka taea e ia tēnei waiata te whakamāori. / She will be able to interpret this song.
6. (determiner) Used before the names for the days of the week.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 30;)
7. (determiner) Sometimes used before numbers with a following noun.
8. (determiner) Used before ordinal numbers including those using tua-.
(Te Māhuri Study Guide (Ed. 1): 12;)
I piki a Tāne-nui-a-rangi ki te tuangahuru mā rua o ngā rangi. / Tāne-nui-a-rangi climbed to the twelfth realm.
9. .
See also i te, kei te ..., ki te ...
2. (verb) to terrify, frighten.
Ki te kore e parea atu ēnei nuka a tērā o ngā reo, ka ngaro haere ngā whakatakoto Māori taketake ake, ā, ka rite te āhua o te reo Māori ki tō te reo Pākehā; ko ngā kupu noa iho ka āhua Māori mai. Whakatuatea ana tērā (HM 2/1994:9). / If these devices of that other language are not avoided, the genuine Māori phrasing will disappear and the nature of the Māori language will become like that of the English language; only the words will be Māori. That's frightening.
3. (modifier) terrifying, terrorism, fearful.
Kua hīkina ngā whakapae whakatuatea i ngā pokohiwi o ngā tāngata tekau mā toru. / The terrorism charges on the shoulders of the thirteen people have been lifted.
4. (noun) terror, terrorism.
Kua tukuna ngā tāngata tekau mā rima e whakapaetia nei mō te whakatuatea ki te kōti matua o te motu. / The fifteen people accused of terrorism have been sent to the country's supreme court.
5. (noun) awe-inspiring leader, sage, mystic - a leader who, because of his great mana, is feared and respected.
I puta anō i ngā whārangi o tā Kere Nikora pukapuka ngā kupu whakanui mō Tāwhiao, mō Tōpia Tūroa, mō Meiha Te Wheoro, mō Pēhi Tūroa me ērā atu whakatuatea o te motu nei (KO 15/10/1884:5). / Words honouring Tāwhiao, Tōpia Tūroa, Major Te Wheoro, Pēhi Tūroa and other awe-inspiring leaders also appeared in the pages of Kerry Nicholls's book.
Synonyms: ruānuku, hīnātore, mātauranga, wānanga
tapu
1. (stative) be sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
I taua wā ko Te Riri anake te tangata o Ngāti Hine e kaha ana ki te noho i aua whenua. Ko te mea hoki e tapu katoa ana te whaitua nei, pokapoka katoa ana ngā hiwi i ngā rua tūpāpaku (TTR 1998:82). / At that time Te Riri was the only person of Ngāti Hine who wanted to live on the property, because the area was tapu and the surrounding hills were riddled with burial caves.
Synonyms: kura, whakatapu, puaroa, apiapi, kōpiri, rāhui, ārikarika, taparere
2. (modifier) sacred, prohibited, restricted, set apart, forbidden, under atua protection - see definition 4 for further explanations.
Kei te maumahara tonu ngā uri o Te Whiti ki te tūruapō, arā, te maunga tapu kei te tonga, kei tōna ātārangi he rākau, e pae rua ake ana i tōna peka ngā manu mōhio a Mumuhau rāua ko Takeretō (TTR 1994:172). / It is remembered by Te Whiti's descendants, namely that there is a sacred mountain to the south and in its shadow there is a tree with a branch and on this branch are two birds of knowledge, Mumuhau and Takaretō.
3. (modifier) holy - an adaptation of the original meaning for the Christian concept of holiness and sanctity.
Otiia hei minita anō rātou i roto i tōku wāhi tapu, hei tiaki i ngā kūwaha o te whare, hei minita ki te whare (PT Ehekiera 44:11). / Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having charge at the gates of the house, and ministering to the house.
4. (noun) restriction, prohibition - a supernatural condition. A person, place or thing is dedicated to an atua and is thus removed from the sphere of the profane and put into the sphere of the sacred. It is untouchable, no longer to be put to common use. The violation of tapu would result in retribution, sometimes including the death of the violator and others involved directly or indirectly. Appropriate karakia and ceremonies could mitigate these effects. Tapu was used as a way to control how people behaved towards each other and the environment, placing restrictions upon society to ensure that society flourished. Making an object tapu was achieved through rangatira or tohunga acting as channels for the atua in applying the tapu. Members of a community would not violate the tapu for fear of sickness or catastrophe as a result of the anger of the atua. Intrinsic, or primary, tapu are those things which are tapu in themselves. The extensions of tapu are the restrictions resulting from contact with something that is intrinsically tapu. This can be removed with water, or food and karakia. A person is imbued with mana and tapu by reason of his or her birth. High-ranking families whose genealogy could be traced through the senior line from the atua were thought to be under their special care. It was a priority for those of ariki descent to maintain mana and tapu and to keep the strength of the mana and tapu associated with the atua as pure as possible. People are tapu and it is each person's responsibility to preserve their own tapu and respect the tapu of others and of places. Under certain situations people become more tapu, including women giving birth, warriors travelling to battle, men carving (and their materials) and people when they die. Because resources from the environment originate from one of the atua, they need to be appeased with karakia before and after harvesting. When tapu is removed, things become noa, the process being called whakanoa. Interestingly, tapu can be used as a noun or verb and as a noun is sometimes used in the plural. Noa, on the other hand, can not be used as a noun.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 237-240; Te Kōhure Video Tapes (Ed. 1): 6;)
Kāore he kai maoa o runga i tēnei waka, i a Tākitimu, nā te tapu. He kai mata anake (HP 1991:9). / There was no cooked food on this canoe, on Tākitimu, because it was tapu. There was only raw food.
Ko tēnei i muri nei he karakia whakahorohoro i ngā tapu o ngā tāngata (TWMNT 3/4/1872:58). / The following is a ritual chant to remove the tapu of people.
See also rāhui
Synonyms: rāhui, poropeihana, apiapi, aukatinga, here, kōpiri
manaakitanga
1. (noun) hospitality, kindness, generosity, support - the process of showing respect, generosity and care for others.
Kore rawa rātou e wareware ki ēnei manaakitanga ā mate noa rātou (TTT 1/8/1924:85). / They will never ever forget this hospitality until they die.
See also manaaki
Synonyms: tauwhirotanga, ngākau aroha, ngāwari, atawhai
