whakatara
1. (verb) (-hia,-ia,-ngia) to challenge.
Te Wīwī rāua ko Tiamana: E kī ana ngā nūpepa o te 20 o Noema, 1883, e pōngurunguru ana ēnei rangatiranga e rua ki a rāua; e whakatara ana tētahi ki tētahi, nui atu te wene, te whakanehenehe (KO 15/1/1884:4). / The French and Germans: The newspapers of 20 November are saying that these two nations are at loggerheads; each is challenging the other and there is much resentment and quarrelling.
2. (verb) (-tia) to make a barb, serrate.
Ka tāreia kia iti, kia kotahi inihi me te koata pea te mātotoru o waenganui, ā kia toru koata inihi pea ngā pito, ka waruhia kia pai, kia maene, kia tika hoki, ā, kātahi ka mahia he tarakāniwha. Taua mea te tarakāniwha, he wheua, e waruhia ana kia koi tētehi pito, ka whakatara (kāniwha) anō tētehi taha, hei maunga mō te manu ina tū, ā ka werohia e te tangata (JPS 1895:134). / It's fashioned so that it's small, about one and a quarter inches thick in the middle and approximately three quarters of an inch near the ends, then scraped nicely to be quite smooth and straight, and then fitted with a barb. That is made of bone, one end of which is sharpened by scraping, and one side is serrated in order to hold the bird when a person spears it.
Synonyms: kāniwha
3. (modifier) offensive, insulting.
Tēnā tētahi pukapuka whakatara i tonoa mai e ō Waikato rangatira i tētahi rā ake nei (MM.TKM 1/9/1860:39). / Here is an insulting letter sent by the Waikato Chiefs a few days ago.
4. (modifier) provocative, challenging, confrontational, aggressive.
Ehara tēnei mahi i te mahi hou nā Rūhia, ki te kōhuru i ngā tima o te Ingarihi, me ērā atu mahi whakatara ana (TPH 9/11/1904:6). / This action by Russia is not new in actioning treacherously against the ships of England, and other provocative deeds.
Synonyms: whakapātaritari, whakatumatuma, whakatari, whakatene
5. (noun) challenge.
Koia nei te whakatara o te wā ki ō ēnei rā nei reanga (Kāretu 2010:12). / This is the challenge of today for today's generation.
wero
1. (verb) (-hia,-ngia) to pierce, spear, challenge, stab, poke, jab, bite, puncture, sting (of an insect), inject.
Ko tētahi mea hē rawa, ko te raweke a ētahi o ā rāua tamariki i ngā kēne whurutu, arā, he mea wero ngā tini, kātahi ka unumia te wai, ka whakahokia ki runga i ngā whata (TTR 1996:60). / One problem was that some of their children would meddle with the cans of fruit, that is they would puncture the tins, drink the juice and put them back on the shelves.
2. (noun) piercing, stabbing, injection, spine (of a stingray).
E kīia ana ka mutu te wero ki te peneti ka hurihia ko ngā raparapa o ngā pū hei patu haere i te hoariri (TKO 8/1915:4). / It is said that when the stabbing with the bayonet ended the guns were reversed to kill the enemy with the butt of the gun.
Synonyms: kōtaratara, werowero, tīwharawhara, pākinakina
3. (noun) bite, sting (of an insect, etc.).
E te mate kei hea tōu wero? (PT I Koroniti 15:55). / O death, where is thy sting?
4. (noun) challenge.
Hei ētahi wā anō hoki kua kuhuna he kōrero hei whakakata i ngā kaiwhakarongo, engari, he wero anō kei roto i ngā kōrero (Rewi 2005:64). / And sometimes a story was added to make the listeners laugh, but there would be a challenge in the words.
5. (noun) challenge at a pōhiri.
Kei te haere te ruri, ka kōkiri a Nehe Te Wehi o Tūranga me te wero ki te Kuīni (TWK 19:31). / While the short song was being performed, Nehe Te Wehi darted forward with the challenge to the Queen.
2. (noun) stabbing, piercing, poking.
Ka whakataetae ki te huri haere i ngā pōwhā rarauhe kia tata atu ki te pā; kore rawa i tata atu i ngā tāngata o roto o te pā te werowero mai ki te mānuka tarere mai i runga i ngā pūwhara o te pā (JPS 1919:93). / A contention ensued in the rolling of bundles of bracken fern close to the fort, which did not reach them, so energetic were the men in the fort in poking mānuka spears from the elevated stages of the fort.
Synonyms: kōtaratara, wero, tīwharawhara, pākinakina
3. (noun) challenge.
Haere tonu āna werowero ki te kāwanatanga mō ngā kerēme a Ngāi Tahu (TTR 1994:103). / He continued to challenge the government on Ngāi Tahu claims.
kōkirikiri
1. (verb) (-tia) to challenge, attack repeatedly, dart about, move rapidly, advance.
Toru rau ngā hōia Itāriana, Tiamana hoki e puri ana i te whakatāiri nei, ā, ka kino kē hoki tā rātau aneatanga i te ope taua o te Kotahitanga e kōkirikiri atu ana (TTR 2000:112). / Three hundred Italian and German troops were holding this elevated position, and they were causing havoc to the advancing Allied army.
2. (noun) challenging, lobbying, promoting, pressure.
Kāti nā tana kōkirikiri haere tonu i te Tari Māori, i tutuki ai te kerēme a Ngāi Tahu (TTR 1998:139). / Well, as a result of his constant lobbying of the Native Department, the Ngāi Tahu claim was settled.
Synonyms: whakatorotoro, pēhinga, pēhanga
mānuka
1. (noun) mānuka, tea-tree, Leptospermum scoparium - a common native scrub bush with aromatic, prickly leaves and many small, white, pink or red flowers.
Ka huna ngā tāngata tokorua i roto i te mānuka, kotahi ki tētahi taha, kotahi ki tētahi taha (TTR 1990:308). / The two men hid in the mānuka, one on each side.
2. (noun) mānuka stick.
Ko te tautara a taku māmā he mānuka (HP 1991:14). / My mother's fishing rod was a mānuka stick.
3. (noun) challenge stick - the stick or baton that the kaiwero lays down at the pōhiri to a distinguished visitor.
Kātahi ka kōkiri te matua a Ngāti Raukawa. Ka motu mai ki te ara, ka haere te kaiwhakatakoto i te mānuka, i muri e whana atu ana te kaiwero - ko Kemene Piharau o Wairarapa (TWMNT 12/12/1872:150). / Then Ngāti Raukawa's army thrust forward. When they had moved some distance the man laying down the challenge stick went forward and after that the challenger, Kemene Piharau of Wairarapa, sprang forward.
4. (noun) weapon.
Nāu ko te mānuka, nāku ko te mānuka, ka taitu te hoariri (HTK 3/3/1894:1). / With your weapon and mine the enemy will be impeded.
pātai
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-ngia,-ria,-tia) to ask, question, enquire, cross-examine, provoke, challenge.
Ko te take i pātai ai au he āhua tāruturutu, kōtiutiu nō te haere a te waka nei (HP 1991:315). / The reason why I asked was because the vehicle was going somewhat jerkily and was swerving about.
Synonyms: whakaui, ui, uiui, urupounamu, pakirehua, whakanano, whakariri, whakatari, māreherehe, kōpana, pītaritari, pātari, hītaritari, eneene, whakapātari, patapatai, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe, pītari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, pātaitai, whakakārangirangi, whakapātaritari, whakatenetene, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro
2. (noun) query, question, enquiry.
Ka tū a Te Aotaki ki te mihi ki te iwi. Ka mutu, kātahi anō ia ka whaikōrero ki a Tū-whakairi-ora, me te pātai ki te pūtake o tōna haramai ko ia anake (JPS 1911:19). / Te Aotaki stood up to greet the tribe. When that ended, he next made a speech to Tū-whakairi-ora, with the question as to the reason that he had come alone.
Synonyms: whakaui, ui, urupounamu, pakirehua
pātaitai
1. (verb) (-ngia,-ria,-tia,-hia) to question, enquire, inquire, provoke, challenge.
Ka pātaitai rawa ia i tēnā, i tēnā, kia mōhio pai rawa ki ō rātau ingoa, nō hea rātau, he aha te mahi a ō rātau mātua, he aha ngā hāhi, he aha ngā akoranga kei te mauria e tēnā, e tēnā, me ētahi atu pātai huhua noa atu (HP 1991:51). / He questioned each one to ascertain their names, where they were from, what their parents did, what were their church denominations, what subjects each one had, and many other questions.
Synonyms: hītaritari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, whakakārangirangi, whakapātaritari, whakatenetene, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri, whakatari, māreherehe, kōpana, pātai, pītaritari, pātari, pītari, eneene, whakapātari, patapatai, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe, whakaui, whakanano, ui, uiui, urupounamu, pakirehua
2. (noun) questioning, questions, enquiries.
Kāore i ārikarika ngā pātaitai a taku māmā ki a au, me te papaki i aku taringa (HP 1991:23). / My mother asked me a lot of questions and slapped my ears.
Synonyms: pākiki, uiui, uiuinga, pātaitaitanga, patapatai
patapatai
1. (verb) (-hia,-tia) to question, enquire, inquire, provoke, challenge, interview.
I ētahi rangi nei kātahi ka hopungia tētahi tangata ki te herehere, ki te whakaaro he pōrangi. I tētahi rangi ake ka mauria ki te aroaro o te kaiwhakawā, ka patapataitia, rereke noa atu ngā whakahokihoki i ngā patapatai (TPH 30/8/1898:4). / In recent days a man was imprisoned and it was thought that he was mad. A day later he was taken before the judge and when he was questioned the answers to the questions were quite strange.
Synonyms: whakaui, whakanano, ui, uiui, urupounamu, pakirehua, whakatari, māreherehe, kōpana, pātai, pītaritari, pātari, hītaritari, eneene, whakapātari, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe, pītari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, pātaitai, whakakārangirangi, whakapātaritari, whakatenetene, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri
2. (noun) question, questioning - a frequentive form of pātai.
Na, i konei ka mārama katoa ngā tāngata o waho o te whare wānanga ki ngā kōrero a Kupe, me ngā patapatai a ngā tohunga o te whare wānanga (JPS 1914:192). / And now all men outside the school of learning understood Kupe's teaching the questions asked by the priests of the school of learning.
Synonyms: pākiki, uiui, uiuinga, pātaitaitanga, pātaitai
rākau
1. (noun) tree, stick, timber, wood, spar, mast, plant - not normally used before the names of trees or plants.
Kua hōhonu ki te whenua ngā pakiaka o te rākau e kore e taea te huhuti (TWM 17/7/1869:1). / The roots of the tree are deep into the ground and cannot be pulled out.
Kua hokona he karaka, rākau nei, mō taku kāinga (HJ 2012:98). / A karaka, the tree, has been bought for my home.
Synonyms: rewa, tira, maihi, maihe, māhi, tipu, rumaki, tiri, tiritiri, kōkō, whakatō, whakatōtō, whakatopatopa, marotiritiri, tanu, pou, tou
2. (noun) weapon, arms, bat.
He manuao ririki rawa iho ēnei, he torutoru ōna pū, he tere, ko tana tino rākau patu he tōpiro (TP 11/1899:3). / These are much smaller warships, with few guns, are faster and their main weapons are torpedoes.
Synonyms: hauhau
3. (noun) challenge stick - the stick or baton that the kaiwero lays down at the pōhiri to a distinguished visitor.
Ka takoto tana rākau, ka hoki whakamuri, ka tīmata ki te ngangahu, me te whiu tika i tana taiaha, me te hūpekepeke a ōna waewae (HP 1991:84). / His challenge stick lay there and he moved backwards and began to make high pitched yelps, to wield his taiaha and to jump up and down with bent legs.
2. (verb) (-na) to lead, bring along, lead a song.
Kāti te riri, whakarērea hoki te ārita; kei mamae koe, kei tākina kia mahi i te kino (PT Ngā Waiata 37:8). / Do not be angry, and forsake wrath; lest you be hurt or led into evil deeds.
Synonyms: whakahaere tikanga, kaea, whakahaere, ārahi, arataki, huataki, konumatā, tā, whakataki, kōkiri, whaitaki, takitaki, tātaki, matā
3. (verb) (tākina) to recite.
Ka tākina ēnei karakia e te tohunga (Te Ara 2014). / These ritual chants were recited by the tohunga.
4. (verb) (-na) to rise - used in the passive for the rising of stars and heavenly bodies.
Tākina mai rā ngā huihui o Matariki, Puanga, Tautoru, ka ngaro Atutahi māna e whakarewa te tini whetū riki ka rewa kei runga (TJ 11/5/1899:4). / The constellations of the Pleiades, Rigel, Orion rise and Canopus disappears and elevates the many small stars suspended above.
5. (noun) kākā snare - a perch placed in a tree for a decoy kākā to lure in other kākā.
Ka herea te manu taupunga ki te pūtake o te taki. Ka whakangē te kākā mōkai kia rere mai ai ētahi atu kākā (Te Ara 2011). / The decoy bird was tied to the base of the bird snaring trap. The pet kākā screeched so that other kākā would fly there.
6. (noun) beat (music).
Mā te tāruarua i te tauira taki o tētahi puoro e puta ai tōna ūngeri (RTP 2015:98). / The rhythm of a piece of music comes from its repeating pattern of beats (RTP 2015:98).
whakapātari
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to challenge, provoke, incite.
Haukotia ana e ngā kupu a Āpirana Ngata me ētehi atu rangatira Māori, i a rātou i kī ai kei a Waikato te tikanga mō te ingoa ka whakairia ki runga i tō rātou ariki, engari kaua rawa e whakapātari i te mana o te Karauna o Peretānia, i te mana rānei o te Pāremata o Niu Tīreni (TTR 1998:89). / Āpirana Ngata and other Māori leaders were at pains to stress that they did not mind what the Waikato people chose to bestow on their ariki, as long as he did not challenge the sovereignty of the British Crown or the Parliament of New Zealand.
Synonyms: hītaritari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, pātaitai, whakakārangirangi, whakapātaritari, whakatenetene, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri, whakatari, māreherehe, kōpana, pātai, pītaritari, pātari, pītari, eneene, patapatai, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe
2. (noun) provocation, incitement.
Ko te parekura tēnei i mutu te whakapātari pakanga a ngā iwi o Aotearoa nei ki a Te Rauparaha (TP 3/1013:6). / This was the battle that ended the warlike provocation of the tribes of New Zealand against Te Rauparaha.
Synonyms: pākani, whakapātaritari, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri, whakataratara, tāwai
whakapātaritari
1. (verb) (-a,-tia) to challenge, provoke, incite.
Nō te haerenga o ngā reo whakatau o ngā kuia ka puta ōna tore kai huruhuru me ā rātou taiaha ki konā pīkarikari ai, whakapātaritari ai i te tira whakaeke (HM 2/1994). / When the elderly ladies' welcome calls went out the young warriors with their taiaha came forward to prance about and to challenge the approaching party.
Synonyms: whakatari, māreherehe, kōpana, pātai, pītaritari, pātari, pītari, eneene, whakapātari, patapatai, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe, hītaritari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, pātaitai, whakakārangirangi, whakatenetene, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri
2. (modifier) provocative, challenging, confrontational, inflammatory.
He tangata tēnei kāhore i riro ōna whakaaro i runga i ngā kupu whakapātaritari a te tangata (TP 11/1912:10). / This was a man who was not influenced by a person's provocative statements.
Synonyms: whakatara, whakatumatuma, whakatari, whakatene
3. (noun) provocation, challenge.
Nō te pito o te tekau tau 1960 araara haere ake ngā tauā mautohe, ā, ko te mahi he whakapātaritari ki te tūmatanui (Te Ara 2014). / By the late 1960s the activists were rising and their task was challenging the public.
Synonyms: whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri, pākani, whakapātari, whakataratara, tāwai
2. (modifier) hostile, antagonistic, aggressive.
He maha ngā tutukitanga ki ngā iwi whakataratara o te taha tonga o Taranaki, o Whanganui, o Manawatū, o te takiwā hoki o Horowhenua (Te Ara 2014). / There were many obstacles with the hostile tribes in southern Taranaki, Whanganui, Manawatū and the Horowhenua region.
3. (noun) challenge, provocation.
Nō mai rā anō a Te Rangitāke e kaupare ana i ngā whakataratara a Īhāia Te Kirikūmara o Ōtaraua hapū, kia hokona ngā whenua (TTR 1990:289). / For a long time Te Rangitāke had held off challenges from Īhāia Te Kirikūmara of the Ōtaraua hapū to sell land.
Synonyms: pākani, whakapātaritari, whakatumatuma, whakahorohoro, whakariri, whakapātari, tāwai
whakahorohoro
1. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to provoke, challenge, confront.
Kia tata mai tō mua, kua whakahorohoro a Te Houtāewa. Kua whakamate mai hoki te kaiaru, kua tawhiti ki mua i ngā hoa, kua huri atu a Te Houtāewa kua patua kia mate (TWK 8:4). / When the one in front was near, Te Houtāewa challenged him. The pursuer was killed because he had got too far away from his companions when Te Houtāewa turned and killed him.
Synonyms: māreherehe, kōpana, pātai, pītaritari, pātari, pītari, eneene, whakapātari, patapatai, mukākā, whakatatari, taunanawe, hītaritari, pākani, pātaritari, patou, pātaitai, whakakārangirangi, whakapātaritari, whakatenetene, whakatumatuma, whakariri, whakatari
2. (verb) (-a,-ngia) to abolish, do away with, remove, eliminate, get rid of, bring to an end.
3. (noun) provocation, challenge, confrontation.
Ahakoa ngā whakahorohoro o te wā, e kore rawa te āhua tokopaha e pā ki a ia, nō reira karawhiua! (HM 1/2006:7). / Despite the current challenges, he would never get indigestion, so it's open slather!
Synonyms: pākani, whakapātaritari, whakatumatuma, whakariri, whakapātari, whakataratara, tāwai
āki
1. (verb) (-hia,-na,-ngia) to encourage, urge on, challenge, induce, incite, exhort.
Āki atu hoki ia ki tana iwi o Rangitāne, kia mau te pupuri i ō rātou toenga whenua, kia mau tonu ki tō rātou mana, ahakoa pēhea te tāmia mai e Tauiwi (TTR 1990:176). / He also urged his Rangitāne people to hold fast to their remaining lands and to retain their authority, no matter how much they were oppressed by the colonists.
2. (verb) (-hia,-na,-ngia) to beat, pound, crash against, dash against, strike with great force, throw down, buffet, slam against, slam.
Āki ai ngā ngaru huhuka ki ngā paritū o te ākau (TK 14/4/1883:1). / The frothing waves crash on the cliffs of the coast.
I ahu mai taua kaipuke i Merika. He maha ngā rā i ākina ai e ngā tūātea nunui o te moana, tae rawa mai ki Ahitereiria ka ū ki runga toka (TP 7/1909:6). / That ship headed from America. For many days it was pounded by the huge breaking waves of the sea, and when it finally reached Australia it landed up on rocks.
Kaua e ākina te kūaha! / Don't slam the door!
Synonyms: tuki, kuru, kurukuru, pao, kōmekemeke, pātuki, pāuna, hamahama, pehu, patupatu, tātā, poutuki, whākuru
3. (verb) (-na) to replace.
Ka tango ki te pū wīwī, ka rere iho taua wahine nei ki roto ki te kōruarua, ākina iho hoki taua pū wīwī nei (NM 1928:9). / The woman removed the clump of rushes and fled down into the hole and replaced the clump of rushes.
4. (noun) urging, encouragement.
Kia tino maumahara ko koutou, ko mātou kē kei te pīkau i ngā raru o tēnei kura nā reira e pēnei nei te kaha o tā mātou āki (HM 4/1997:8). / You should remember well that we are carrying the liabilities for this learning gathering and that's the reason for the intensity of our urging.
kaiwero
1. (noun) challenger - the man who does the wero during the pōhiri, the ritual of encounter.
Kātahi ka kōkiri te matua a Ngāti Raukawa. Ka motu mai ki te ara, ka haere te kaiwhakatakoto i te mānuka, i muri e whana atu ana te kaiwero - ko Kemene Piharau o Wairarapa (TWMNT 12/12/1872:150). / Then Ngāti Raukawa's army thrust forward. When they had moved some distance the man laying down the challenge stick went forward and after that the challenger, Kemene Piharau of Wairarapa, sprang forward.
mātātaki
1. (verb) (-na) to challenge.
Ko te whakaaro o Te Kooti, he mātātaki i te Kīngi, i a Tāwhiao. I mea ia, ko ia kē hei ārahi i te iwi Māori ki te taha wairua (TTR 1990:218). / Te Kooti intended to challenge the King, Tāwhiao. He said that he should be the spiritual leader of the Māori people.
2. (verb) (-na) to inspect, watch, inspect, examine, observe, gaze at.
See also mātakitaki
tautētete
1. (verb) (-a) to dispute, confront, oppose, challenge.
Kīhai i roa, ka āhua tautētete aua rangatira o aua tini pā, arā tāone, ki a rātou anō, ka tahuri he pā ka whawhai ki ētahi o aua pā rā anō (TW 15/6/1878:300). / It wasn't long before those chiefs of the many towns were challenging each other and some towns set about attacking others of those towns.
2. (modifier) disputing, confronting, opposing, challenging.
Kua whati ngā hoa tautētete a Kāwana Kerei o te pāremata (TW 29/6/1878:325). / Governor Grey's opposition in parliament have fled.
Synonyms: tauwhāinga, tāwari, ātete, whakakāhore, whakatete, mautohe
3. (noun) opposition, opponent, rival, challenger.
Ka kīia te kī o te tautētete, ā, ka toa ko Kāwana Kerei mā (TW 29/6/1878:325) / The statement about the opposition is made and Governor Grey and his colleagues have won.
Synonyms: wheinga, whewheia, kaitāwari, hoariri, hoa tautohe, hoa kakari, whakahē, kaikiri, kātata, tāwhai, tauwhāinga
