āheinga
1. (noun) competence, ability, opportunity, entitlement, function.
Kua whakatakototia nei e te Kāwanatanga hei whāinga mā te motu, arā, (1) kia tokomaha ake te hunga mōhio ki te reo Māori mā runga anō i te maha ake o ngā āheinga o te tangata ki te ako me ngā wāhi ka taea te reo te ako (HM 2/1999:7). / The Government has set down goals for the country, namely (1) that there should be many more people who know the Māori language by increasing the opportunities of one to learn it and the places where the language can be learned.
Synonyms: kōwhiringa, angitu, kaha, āheitanga, āhei
2. (noun) outsider, foreigner - this is also a term used for people who are not related to the hapū or whānau members, including those who have married into the kinship group and do not have whakapapa links. Rāwaho were people who were excluded from decision-making processes by whānau or hapū because they had no whakapapa or land interests. Nowadays it would be difficult to be exclusive and to disenfranchise a blood relation of up to three degrees, living away from the tribal home, of entitlements to land and family decision-making processes. People in this situation would still be regarded as rāwaho, but would be able to become ahi kā and have decision-making power by returning to live in the tribal area and by participating in the hapū activities for a significant period.
Kāore hoki he rāwaho i whakaaetia kia uru mai ki tēnei huihuinga (TTT 1/12/1925:334). / And outsiders were not permitted to participate in that meeting.
Synonyms: tauiwi, tarutawhiti
whāngai
1. (verb) (-a,-hia,-nga,-tia) to feed, nourish, bring up, foster, adopt, raise, nurture, rear.
Kaua hei whāngaia te pēpi ki te pātara (TTT 1/10/1927:699). / Don't feed the baby with a bottle.
Synonyms: hikutira, hikumaro, kōkai, taute, poipoi, ahu, whaipainga, whai painga, whakawairākau, riaki, whakatū, whakaara, whakaikeike, whakarawe, whakatipu, whakatāiri, whakaaranga, kōranga, hāpai, hī, huataki, rangahua, huaranga, araara, whakatiputipu, whakakaurera, riariaki, whakatairangaranga, hiki, mairanga, whakapakeke, whakatupu
2. (modifier) fostered, adoptive, foster.
Ka mate te matua whāngai, e riro rānei te whenua o te tūpāpaku i te tamaiti whāngai?...Ko te tikanga Māori mō te tamaiti whāngai, ka hoki anō ki roto i ngā pānga o ōna mātua ake, i runga anō i te take huihui, i heke mai i roto i te tino take ki te whenua, kāore hoki te whāngai e tangohia i waho o ngā whakapapa me te toto (TPH 30/8/1902:2). / When the foster parent dies, is the land of the deceased inherited by the foster child?...In Māori custom an adopted child would fall back on the rights to the land shares of his/her birth parents which would occur in gatherings where the inheritance of land was passed on, and the foster child would not have rights outside genealogical and blood ties. (Statements by Īhāia Hūtana of Ngāti Kahungunu.)
See also matua whāngai, mātua whāngai, tamaiti whāngai, whaea whāngai, tamariki whāngai
3. (noun) foster child, adopted child - this is a customary practice. Often a couple's first child was brought up by grandparents or adopted by one of the brothers or sisters of a parent, but almost always the foster child was a blood relation, usually a close relation. This practice continues today, but inheritance of land and property is not clear-cut. Sometimes the foster child would be entitled to inherit the foster father's property, especially if a child was adopted at birth and remained with the foster parents through to adulthood and looked after the adopted parent(s) in their old age. In this case the foster child would share the interests with any natural children. The rights of a foster child might be modified if an ōhākī (bequest) by the foster father had been made. Foster children always knew who their natural parents were.
Nō te whānautanga o Te Ataihaea, he kōtiro, kua hiahia tō mātau māmā kia riro mai i a ia hai whāngai māna (HP 1991:19). / When Te Ataihaea, a girl, was born our mother wanted to adopt her as a foster child.
