2. (location) the underneath, below, beneath, downwards, down, down below - often used with iho for this meaning.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 24;)
See also raro iho
3. (location) by foot, on foot, by walking - when preceded by mā.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 47-48;)
4. (location) the north.
I tae rātou ki Te Kauwhata i raro atu o Kirikiriroa. / They arrived at Te Kauwhata to the north of Hamilton.
5. (noun) the underworld.
kahu raro
1. (noun) undergarment.
Ka oti te kāpeka e hāngai ana ki te kahu o runga, ka wetekina e ia kia kitea ai te kahu e hāngai ana ki te kāpeka e whai mai ana. Ka kīia tēnei ko te kahu raro (RMR 2017). / When the scene appertaining to the upper garment is completed, she takes it off so that the costume appropriate for the following scene can be seen. This is called the undergarment.
mā raro
1. by foot, on foot.
He pōharuharu te huarahi. Mā runga hōiho, mā raro tonu rānei ka taea te haere (HP 1991:24). / The road was boggy. It could only be travelled by horse or on foot.
See also mā
2. (location) downstream.
I te tau 1817 e noho ana a Hauraki i tana kāinga i Motuiti, i raro iho i te awa i Kerikeri (TTR 1990:325). / In 1817 Hauraki was living in his village, Motuiti, downstream from Kerikeri.
kauae raro
1. (noun) lower jaw.
Kātahi ka hurihia e Pou te ika rā. Ka mea atu anō a Taikehu, "Kei whea te kauae raro o tō ika?" Ka titiro a Pou, ka kite kāre he kauae raro o te ika rā (TWK 4:10). / Then Pou turned that marine mammal over. Taikehu said, "Where is the lower jaw of your marine mammal?" Pou looked and realised that the marine mammal had no lower jaw.
2. (noun) terrestrial knowledge, earthly knowledge.
Kātahi ka whakatuwheratia ngā kete e toru o te wānanga, ka tangohia mai ngā taonga o aua kete e rite ana mō te kauae raro (WW 1913:7). / Then the three baskets of knowledge were opened and the treasures of those baskets that were appropriate for earthly knowledge were taken out.
marangai-mā-raro
1. (noun) north-east, north-east wind.
Ko ngā kāinga nohoanga o te Akinehe, kei te pito raro o te motu, ko ngā Pata, kei te marangai-mā-raro, i tāwāhi mai o te rae kōkiri o Maraka. / The Achinese occupy the northern portion of the island, and the Battas the north-east quarter opposite to the peninsula of Malacca.
See also -mā-
Synonyms: hau mākato, rangaranga te muri, pākihiroa, raki-mā-rāwhiti, rāwhiti-mā-raki, pāwhakarua, whakarua, kārapu
kaipuke haere raro wai
1. (noun) submarine.
I waihanga ai tēnei whakaaro i roto i ngā Marikena nā te mahi a ngā kaipuke haere raro wai o te Ingarihi he rere tonu te mahi ki ngā takutai moana o Tiamani, ka rere ana me he ope pāpahu (TKO 4/1915:6). / This idea originated amongst the Americans because there were so many English submarines travelling to the coast of Germany that they are like pods of porpoises.
kei raro e putu ana
1. down in a heap, defeated, going under, snowed under - an idiom used to say that someone has been defeated, is in trouble, is snowed under with work or is sick.
(Te Kōhure Textbook (Ed. 2): 100;)
Kei raro a Te Murumāra e putu ana, he nui nō ana mahi. / Murumāra is snowed under, he's got so much work.
I te maha o ngā pūmanawa o tēnei tangata, kei raro e putu ana te taua hōia (TTR 1990:219). / Because of this man's many talents, the military force was overcome.
whaka-
1. (particle) to cause something to happen, cause to be - prefixed to adjectives, statives and verbs that do not take a direct object, including reduplicated forms.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 111-112;)
E whakatikatika ana te kaiako i ngā mahi a Hirini. / The teacher is correcting Sydney's work.
2. (particle) Used with a few verbs of perception that take a direct object, i.e. kite, mōhio, rongo, inu, and ako.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 111-112;)
E whakakite ana ia i tana pūtōrino ki ngā whakaminenga. / She is showing her pūtōrino flute to the audience.
3. (particle) When used as a prefix with a stative the word becomes a verb that takes a direct object and takes a passive ending in passive constructions.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 111-112;)
4. (particle) to become a, translate (with names of languages) - prefixed to some nouns to form both verbs that take a direct object and verbs that do not.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 111-112;)
5. (particle) towards, in the direction of - when prefixed to location words, especially mauī, matau, katau, mua, muri, raro, roto, runga and waho, and to nouns, in which case they will be preceded by te. With mauī, matau and katau, te may precede the location word or it may be omitted. With these they are sometimes written as three words separated by hyphens, e.g. whaka-te-moana. These words are normally used only as second, qualifying bases in a phrase.
(Te Kākano Audio Tapes/CDs (Ed. 2): 112;)
I Waihī ka huri whakauta te ope taua ka whai i te whārua o Pongakawa (TTR 1900:171). / From Waihī the war party turned inland and proceeded along the Pongakawa river valley.
Huri whakatemauī! / Turn left, please!
I te atapō tonu ka maunu te pā nei, ka haere, ka ahu whaka-Waikato (JPS 1899:180). / Just before dawn they retreated from this pā, departed and headed towards Waikato.
Ka titiro whakatemoana te iwi rā; hoki rawa mai te titiro kua ngaro te wahine nei (M 2004:160). / The people all looked towards the sea, and when their gaze returned this woman had disappeared.
Ka patua ko Tākaha i Ōtāwhao i te taha whakauta o Waipāwa (TTR 1990:347). / Tākaha was killed at Ōtāwhao on the inland side of Waipāwa.
See also whakawaho, whakatekaraka, whakamauī, whakamatau, whakamua, whakamuri, whakararo, whakaroto, whakarunga, whakatehauāuru, whakatekatau, whakatemarangai, whakatemauī, whakatemoana, whakateraki, whaka-tētehi-taha, whakatetonga, whakateuma, whakateuru, whakatonga, whakauta, whakaterāwhiti
6. (particle) In a few words of some other classes whaka- may also be used, e.g. āe, atu, kāhore and kore.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 111-112;)
Kīhai rāua i whakaae kia haere au ki te pakanga i Irāki. / They did not agree that I should go to the war in Iraq.
7. (particle) a particular use of the prefix whaka- with numerals is for fractions, but this use is uncommon in modern Māori. Used this way as a noun or to follow a noun as a modifier (i.e. as an adjective).
Āta wehea te whakatekau o ēnei moni mō ngā mahi a Ihowā, tō tātou Atua, arā, mō Tōna Hāhi, mō te kawe i te Rongo Pai ki ngā Tauiwi, mō te whāngai rawakore, pouaru, tūroro, me ērā atu tini mahi pai, mahi aroha (TP 1/9/1901:5). / Carefully divide off a tenth of this money for the work of Jehovah, our God, that is, for His Church, for conveying the Gospel to the heathens, for feeding the poor, widows, invalids, and for those many good works and deeds of charity.
See also whakatekau
iho
1. (particle) down, downwards, from above, in a downwards direction - indicates direction downwards towards the speaker, away from the speaker, away from a group, or from someone other than the speaker. Like the other three directional particles, mai, atu and ake, it always follows manner particles (i.e. kau, kē, noa, rawa and tonu) if they are present in the phrase.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 127, 120;)
Heke iho! / Get down!
Nā ka tū iho a Karihi, ka tangi rāua mō te oraititanga o tōna teina (NM 1928:41). / Karihi stood down there and they both wept for the narrow escape of his (Tāwhaki's) younger brother.
2. (particle) after that, following that - used in time expressions, seemingly for emphasis. It often occurs with muri to indicate time after that just mentioned, in the past or future. In these time phrases rawa may be included to indicate a fairly long time after that mentioned, or tonu and tata may be included to indicate a time shortly after that just mentioned.
(Te Kākano Textbook (Ed. 2): 121;)
I muri iho i ēnei mea kua kōrerotia ake nei, ka hoki a Mānia ki Hokianga. / After these events spoken about above, Mānia returned to Hokianga.
I muri tata tonu iho i te pōhiri, ka kai rātou. / Immediately after the welcome ceremony they ate.
Nō mua iho anō te mana o te reo o te wahine (Te Ara 2017). / The mana of a woman’s voice is ancient.
Nā, tēnei te tikanga mō ngā kaipuke pākaru. Ka paea tētahi ki uta ka eke, ko te mea mātāmua e whakaaroa e koutou ko ngā tāngata kia whakaorangia; muri iho ngā taonga; muri rawa iho ngā papa, ngā haika, ngā hēra, ngā aha o te kaipuke (TK 1/12/1843:47). / Now, this is the process for wrecked ships. When one runs aground, board it and the first thing that you should consider is the people to be saved; after that it's the cargo; and eventually after that it's the timber, anchors, sails and other parts of the ship.
3. (particle) below, under - emphasises distance with location words, especially raro.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 45;)
See also raro iho
4. (particle) less, worse, shorter, lower - used with some words (e.g. kino, iti, poto and raro) when comparing things, especially when it is a lesser quality or expresses smallness, scarceness, badness, etc. This also applies to verbs created by prefixing whaka- to adjectives such as these.
He iti iho te utu mō te tamariki i te pakeke. / The price for children is less than adults.
Kua kino iho ngā marangai, ngā tauraki, ngā waipuke i ō ngā wā o mua (HJ 2015:184). / Storms, droughts and floods are worse than in former times.
Kua whakaitia iho e au te utu o aku pūtu me aku hū (TWMNT 21/5/1879:420). / The price of my boots and shoes has been reduced.
Synonyms: iti iho, whakaheke, whakamahuru, whakararo
5. (particle) straight away - used to show an immediate sequence of events.
I taku taenga ki runga, ka kite iho au kua motu te tupehau o taku waewae. / When I reached the top I saw straight away that the calf of my leg was cut.
6. (particle) Used to indicated a time approaching in the future, especially following heke.
Me tāpiri atu he kōrero whakamārama kia kore ai e pōrahurahu ā tātou tamariki, ā tātou mokopuna ā ngā tau e heke iho nei (RK 1994:113). / Some explanations should be added so that our children and grandchildren in the coming years are not confounded.
7. (particle) Used to reinforce words with negative connotations, such as darkness, sadness, troubles and death. Actions that involve considerable time and effort, or are weightier or have a solemn connotation may also use iho.
Kātahi rātau ka pakanga, ka hinga te hoariri i a rātau, ā, mate iho te kaiwhakahaere o te hoariri (TPH 15/1/1900:6). / Then they fought, they defeated the enemy and the enemy's leader died.
Ka puta ake he paoa i te poka, ānō he paoa nō tētahi kāpura nui; ā pōuri iho te rā me te rangi i te paoa o te poka (PT Whakakitenga 9:2). / There arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.
Koutou ngā tāngata kai paipa, me whakaaro iho ki ngā mea kino o taua mahi. / You people who smoke should consider the detrimental things about that activity.
8. (particle) only, just, merely, quite - when immediately following noa.
See also noa iho
2. (stative) be taken, awarded, won.
Kua tae te whakaatu ki a Tākuta Te Rangihīroa kua riro i a ia te paraihe a te Kura Nui o Ōtākou mō tana pukapuka i tuhituhia ai mō ngā mahi ā-ringa a te iwi Māori inamata (TTT 31/8/1921:7). / Notification has reached Dr Buck that he has won Otago University's award for his article written about the traditional Māori crafts.
3. (stative) be got, acquired, obtained, earned.
I ngā tau e waru i riro i a Tame Pāna i runga i āna mahi motomoto e £40, 000 (TP 1/1909:9). / In eight years Tommy Burns earned £40, 000 from his boxing activities.
Synonyms: kaitaonga
4. (stative) be inherited.
Ka mate te matua whāngai, e riro rānei te whenua o te tūpāpaku i te tamaiti whāngai? (TPH 30/8/1902:2). / When the foster parent dies, is the land of the deceased inherited by the foster child?
5. (stative) it was left to - especially when followed by māku, māu, māna, mā māua, mā rātou etc and nāku, nāu, nāna, nā māua, nā rātou etc.
(Te Māhuri Textbook (Ed. 2): 62-63;)
Ka riro māku te poroporoaki. / It was left to me to do the farewell speech.
Ahakoa kāore anō ia kia takatū noa, i riro nāna tonu ia i ako ki ngā tikanga o te Hāhi, taringa whakarongo noa ai ki tana pāpā, haere rānei ki ngā rā i ngā wāhi e kaha ana te mau o te whakapono o te Hāhi Ringatū (TTR 1998:26). / Although he was unprepared, he taught himself the practices of the Church by just listening to his father or by attending the church days at the places where the Ringatū Church was strong.
6. (modifier) at the extreme - follows locatives as an intensifier, e.g. runga, raro.
Ehara au i te hōkioi - hore rawa. E rere ana tēnā manu ki runga riro, mahue noa iho te kapua. Ko au ia, e rere kūpapa ana i te mata o te whenua (TPM 2/2/1863:2). / I am not the hōkio. That bird flies way up high, leaving behind even the clouds. But as for me, I fly low over the face of the earth.
Ko te mata o taua wai mārama kehokeho, otirā kei raro riro te takere o taua kōpua, e kore e tatū te aho (MM.TKM 27/1/1853:4). / The surface of that water is absolutely clear, but a line would never reach right down to the bottom of that deep pool.
Ko ētahi o ngā hē o Poi Hākena, ko te awa kore hei hoenga mai mō ngā kai, ā, he tawhiti nō ngā māra kei te mano whenua i uta riro (MM.TKM 27/11/1856:3). / Some of the problems of Sydney are the lack of rivers to transport produce and the remoteness of gardens in the heartland a long way inland.
